Cadmium Valence Electrons
Why cadmium has 12
Cadmium has 48 electrons, arranged as 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2. Counting the 5s electrons plus the 4d electrons gives 12, the usual textbook convention for transition metals. Some courses count only the electrons in the outermost shell, which gives 2 for cadmium; check which convention your class uses.
Cadmium is a transition metal in group 12. Counting its outer s electrons plus the d electrons beneath them gives 12, the same as the group number.
What that means for bonding
Transition metals can lose different numbers of these electrons, which is why cadmium shows several oxidation states (+2). When it forms a cation it loses the 5s electrons first.
Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 18, 2. See the cadmium electron configuration and orbital diagram or the full cadmium data sheet.
Same group, same count
Cadmium valence electrons FAQ
How many valence electrons does cadmium have?
Cadmium has 12 valence electrons. Its electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s²; the count is 2 outer s + 10 d electrons; 2 in the outermost shell. If your course counts only outermost-shell electrons, the answer is 2.
How do you find the valence electrons of cadmium?
Cadmium is a transition metal in group 12. Counting its outer s electrons plus the d electrons beneath them gives 12, the same as the group number.
How many bonds does cadmium form?
Transition metals can lose different numbers of these electrons, which is why cadmium shows several oxidation states (+2). When it forms a cation it loses the 5s electrons first.