Manganese (Mn)
Manganese is element 25, a transition metal in period 4, group 7 of the periodic table. At room temperature it is a solid.
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d5 4s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 13, 2
Manganese data
| Atomic number | 25 |
|---|---|
| Symbol | Mn |
| Atomic mass | 54.938 u |
| Category | Transition metal |
| Group | 7 |
| Period | 4 |
| Block | d |
| State at 25 °C | solid |
| Melting point | 1519 K (1245.9 °C) |
| Boiling point | 2334 K (2060.9 °C) |
| Density | 7.47 g/cm³ |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.55 |
| Atomic radius | 139 pm |
| 1st ionization energy | 717 kJ/mol |
| Electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol |
| Oxidation states | -3, -2, -1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 |
| Common ion charge | 2+, 4+, 7+ |
| Discovered | 1774 |
Orbital diagram
Each box is one orbital holding up to two electrons of opposite spin. Following Hund’s rule, electrons spread out singly across a subshell before pairing.
Work through manganese’s configuration and its ions →
Where manganese sits
Manganese belongs to the transition metals. Its Pauling electronegativity of 1.55 is mid-range; see the electronegativity chart and periodic trends for context. To use its mass in a calculation, try the molar mass calculator.
Manganese FAQ
What is the electron configuration of manganese?
Manganese (Z = 25) has the configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2. In noble-gas shorthand that is [Ar] 3d5 4s2.
How many valence electrons does manganese have?
7 (2 outer s + 5 d electrons; 2 in the outermost shell).
What is the atomic mass of manganese?
The standard atomic weight of manganese is 54.938 u, so one mole weighs 54.938 g.
Is manganese a metal?
Yes. Manganese is a transition metal.
What is the charge of a manganese ion?
Manganese most commonly forms Mn2+ or Mn4+ or Mn7+.