Category
transition metal
State at Room Temperature
solid
Electron Configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s¹ 4d⁸
Valence Electrons
1
Lewis Dot:•
Electronegativity
2.28
Pauling scale
Oxidation States
+3
Melting Point
2237 K
1963.85°C
Boiling Point
3968 K
3694.85°C
Density
12.41
g/cm³
Position in Table
Group 9Period 5d-block
Discovery
Historical Information
Discovered byWilliam Hyde Wollaston
Year1803
Common Uses
Applications & Industries
Catalytic converters, jewelry plating, optical instruments, thermocouples
Related Elements
Same group or period
Related Calculators
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