Category
lanthanide
State at Room Temperature
solid
Electron Configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹ 5d¹
Valence Electrons
2
Lewis Dot:••
Electronegativity
1.12
Pauling scale
Oxidation States
+3+4
Melting Point
1068 K
794.85°C
Boiling Point
3716 K
3442.85°C
Density
6.77
g/cm³
Position in Table
Group Period 6f-block
Discovery
Historical Information
Discovered byMartin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jacob Berzelius
Year1803
Common Uses
Applications & Industries
Catalytic converters, self-cleaning ovens, lighter flints, glass polishing
Related Elements
Same group or period
Related Calculators
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