Category
lanthanide
State at Room Temperature
solid
Electron Configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f³
Valence Electrons
2
Lewis Dot:••
Electronegativity
1.13
Pauling scale
Oxidation States
+3
Melting Point
1208 K
934.85°C
Boiling Point
3403 K
3129.85°C
Density
6.77
g/cm³
Position in Table
Group Period 6f-block
Discovery
Historical Information
Discovered byCarl Auer von Welsbach
Year1885
Common Uses
Applications & Industries
Magnets, lasers, carbon arc lighting, glass coloring
Related Elements
Same group or period
Related Calculators
Need more chemistry tools? Check out calcshapes.com for additional resources.