Category
lanthanide
State at Room Temperature
solid
Electron Configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴
Valence Electrons
2
Lewis Dot:••
Electronegativity
1.1
Pauling scale
Oxidation States
+2+3
Melting Point
1097 K
823.85°C
Boiling Point
1469 K
1195.85°C
Density
6.9
g/cm³
Position in Table
Group Period 6f-block
Discovery
Historical Information
Discovered byJean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Year1878
Common Uses
Applications & Industries
Atomic clocks, lasers, steel alloys, stress gauges
Related Elements
Same group or period
Related Calculators
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