Category
lanthanide
State at Room Temperature
solid
Electron Configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f⁷
Valence Electrons
2
Lewis Dot:••
Electronegativity
1.2
Pauling scale
Oxidation States
+2+3
Melting Point
1099 K
825.85°C
Boiling Point
1802 K
1528.85°C
Density
5.264
g/cm³
Position in Table
Group Period 6f-block
Discovery
Historical Information
Discovered byEugène-Anatole Demarçay
Year1901
Common Uses
Applications & Industries
Phosphors in TV screens, lasers, nuclear control rods, banknote security
Related Elements
Same group or period
Related Calculators
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